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Citation
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Judgment date
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| December 2025 |
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Court affirmed jurisdiction to monitor compliance and ordered immediate implementation of reparations and land‑rights remedies by the respondent.
Compliance hearing – Jurisdiction to monitor and enforce Court judgments – Non‑compliance with reparations: unpaid pecuniary awards; failure to identify, delimit, demarcate and title ancestral land; inadequate consultation; lack of recognition of indigenous status; non‑establishment of development fund; late reporting – Provisional measures declined.
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4 December 2025 |
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Court finds fair-trial violation for absence of Constitutional Court; orders TND1,000, operationalisation, publication and report.
Human rights jurisdiction — admissibility — exhaustion of local remedies — divorce and criminal adultery proceedings; Right to terminate marriage — appeal preserves marital status under domestic law; Right to a fair trial — absence/non-operationalisation of Constitutional Court prevented constitutional challenge; Reparations — modest moral damages and orders to operationalise Constitutional Court, publish judgment and report implementation.
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4 December 2025 |
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Provisional measures dismissed for failure to prove extreme gravity, urgency and irreparable harm.
Provisional measures — prima facie jurisdiction; requirements of extreme gravity, urgency and irreparable harm; burden to produce concrete, verifiable evidence; mootness of requests.
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4 December 2025 |
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Court exercised its discretion to reopen pleadings and allow the respondent an out‑of‑time filing, with applicants given 45 days to reply.
Procedure — Reopening pleadings — Rule 46(3) — Inherent powers under Rule 90 — Leave to file out of time — Sensitive consultations — Death-penalty case involving person with albinism — Recusal of President.
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2 December 2025 |
| October 2025 |
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Application struck out for failure to pursue proceedings; restoration permitted upon showing good cause.
Procedural law – Striking out for failure to prosecute – Rule 65(1)(b) and (c) – Applicant uncontactable after presidential pardon – Restoration under Rule 65(3).
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9 October 2025 |
| September 2025 |
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Court reopens pleadings to admit respondent’s post-pleadings submission including new electoral legislation.
Procedure — Reopening pleadings — Rule 46(3), Rule 46(4) and Rule 90 — Admission of post-pleadings material — Consideration of subsequent domestic legislation (Act No. 2 of 2024) — Interests of justice.
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15 September 2025 |
| August 2025 |
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Court reopens pleadings to allow respondent to file additional evidence in election-related human rights application, denying an extraordinary-session request.
Procedure — Reopening pleadings — Rule 46(3) and inherent powers under Rule 90 — Admission of additional evidence after closure of pleadings — Election-related human rights complaints — Interest of justice and public importance.
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5 August 2025 |
| June 2025 |
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The Court finds jurisdiction and admits the applicant's inter-state human rights claim alleging respondent's extraterritorial involvement in armed conflict.
Inter-state procedure — Jurisdiction under Article 3(1) of the Protocol — No prerequisite proof of prior bilateral ‘dispute’; material jurisdiction established where alleged rights arise under ratified human-rights treaties. Territorial jurisdiction — Extraterritorial application where State armed involvement internationalises a non-international armed conflict. Admissibility — Preliminary political/regional settlement procedures not prerequisite to Court proceedings; abuse of process and parallel proceedings not established; exhaustion of domestic remedies dispensed with where massive, systemic violations render remedies impractical; applications not admissible only if based exclusively on mass media. Reservation of merits and ordering of pleadings.
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26 June 2025 |
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By default, the Court held that removal of the applicant from the voters’ register did not violate his rights.
Electoral law – Disqualification from voters’ register based on default criminal conviction – Presumption of innocence and finality of judgment – Admissibility and jurisdiction despite withdrawal of Article 34(6) Declaration – Default judgment under Court Rules.
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26 June 2025 |
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The mandatory death penalty and hanging violate the applicant’s rights to life and dignity; assessors’ conduct did not breach impartiality.
Human rights — Criminal procedure — Fair trial — Assessors’ role and impartiality — Admissibility — Exhaustion of local remedies — Mandatory death penalty — Right to life (Article 4) — Right to dignity and prohibition of cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment (Article 5) — Hanging as execution method — Reparations and legislative measures.
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26 June 2025 |
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Application declared inadmissible for failure to exhaust local remedies; Court rendered judgment in default.
Jurisdiction — personal, material, temporal and territorial; Default judgment — conditions for rendering judgment in default; Admissibility — exhaustion of local remedies under Article 56(5) and Rule 50(2)(e); Prohibited Immigrant status — effect on availability of domestic remedies; Costs — each party to bear own costs.
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26 June 2025 |
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Failure to deliver appellate judgments in open court violated the applicant's fair trial rights; property claim dismissed.
Human rights — fair trial — delivery of judgments in open court — Article 7(1)(a) African Charter; Article 14(1) ICCPR — property rights (Article 14 African Charter) — admissibility and jurisdiction — state responsibility for acts of domestic organs — reparations: moral damages, publication and reporting.
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26 June 2025 |
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Court finds police brutality, ineffective state-provided counsel, unreasonable delay and mandatory death penalty unlawful; orders remedy and reforms.
Jurisdiction; admissibility; police brutality and failure to investigate (Article 5); effective legal assistance and counsel conflict (Article 7(1)(c)); undue trial delay (Article 7(1)(d)); court assessors' role; mandatory death penalty violates right to life (Article 4); hanging amounts to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment (Article 5); reparations and legislative and remedial orders.
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26 June 2025 |
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Request to suspend prosecutorial summons and travel ban dismissed for lack of urgency and irreparable harm.
Provisional measures – Prima facie jurisdiction – Requirement of extreme gravity, urgency and irreparable harm – Delay undermining urgency – Suspension of prosecutorial summons and travel ban.
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26 June 2025 |
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Application declared inadmissible for failure to exhaust domestic remedies despite Court’s jurisdiction and the Respondent’s default.
Default judgment — Respondent duly notified but failed to respond; Court may render judgment by default. Jurisdiction — material, personal, temporal and territorial jurisdiction established. Admissibility — Application inadmissible for failure to exhaust domestic remedies where criminal investigations and appeals were ongoing. Costs — each party to bear its own costs.
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26 June 2025 |
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Applicant alleged discriminatory denial of police promotion and procedural unfairness; Court found no violation.
Equality before the law – police promotion criteria – application of Decree No. 06-053/P-RM (6 Feb 2006) – burden of proof for discrimination; Judicial development of jurisprudence – permissible reversal with reasons; Right to a hearing – appeal time-limits and proof of service; Admissibility – exhaustion of local remedies and reasonable time.
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26 June 2025 |
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Provisional measures to withhold regional recognition of a leader dismissed for prejudging the merits despite prima facie jurisdiction.
Provisional measures – Prima facie jurisdiction – Extreme gravity, urgency and irreparable harm required – Request prejudging merits by seeking identical relief – Recognition of a head of state – Regional organisation (WAEMU).
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26 June 2025 |
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Challenge to amnesty law dismissed as inadmissible for failure to exhaust effective domestic remedies despite Court’s jurisdiction.
Human rights — Amnesty law — Post‑election violence — Jurisdiction of African Court to assess domestic judicial acts and order reparations — Non‑exhaustion of domestic remedies (Constitutional Court) — Admissibility.
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26 June 2025 |
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Application dismissed as inadmissible for failure to exhaust available domestic remedies.
Admissibility — exhaustion of local remedies — Constitutional Court as available and effective remedy — presumption of judicial independence — post‑filing domestic decisions cannot excuse prior non‑exhaustion.
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26 June 2025 |
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Court limited its jurisdiction, striking out non-consenting States and an NGO lacking observer status; application proceeds against six States.
Jurisdiction – Article 5(3) and Article 34(6) of the Protocol – observer status requirement for NGOs – effect of State withdrawal of Article 34(6) declaration – Rule 90 (inherent powers) – striking out non-jurisdictional parties – renaming and service of application.
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17 June 2025 |
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Court exercised discretion to reopen pleadings, deemed late Response filed, and granted the Applicant 30 days to reply.
Procedure — Reopening pleadings — Discretion under Rule 46(3) and inherent power under Rule 90 — extension of time for filing pleadings — late Response deemed duly filed — service and 30-day right to reply.
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2 June 2025 |
| May 2025 |
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Court reopened pleadings and ordered Tanzania to file a response within seven days on electoral participation claims.
Human rights — Electoral rights — Political participation — Voting restrictions on prisoners, death‑sentenced persons and diaspora — Procedural law — Reopening pleadings — Court discretion under Rule 46(3) and inherent power under Rule 90.
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20 May 2025 |
| February 2025 |
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Court reopened pleadings in an electoral-rights application and admitted amici curiae submissions.
Electoral law; reopening pleadings under Rule 46(3) and inherent power (Rule 90); admissibility of additional submissions; leave for amici curiae (RFK, IHRDA); complex public-interest electoral disputes.
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28 February 2025 |
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Court lacks jurisdiction to hear claims against AU/AUC because they are not State Parties to the Protocol.
Jurisdiction – African Court – Limits of jurisdiction to State Parties to the Protocol; International organisations (AU/AUC) not party to Protocol cannot be sued before the Court; Preliminary examination of jurisdiction under Rule 49(1); Application alleging violations of participation rights (Art.13 African Charter; Art.25 ICCPR).
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12 February 2025 |
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Failure to provide free legal assistance violated the right to defence; conviction otherwise upheld; limited moral damages awarded.
Human rights — Fair trial — Right to defence and free legal assistance — Article 7(1)(c) African Charter read with ICCPR Article 14(3)(d); admissibility — exhaustion of local remedies; merits — review of domestic evidentiary assessment; reparations — moral damages, legislative reform of legal aid.
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5 February 2025 |
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Application alleging fair-trial violations dismissed as inadmissible for failure to exhaust domestic cassation remedies.
Human rights — Fair trial (access to courts, right to defence, reasoned judgment) — Admissibility — Exhaustion of local remedies — Cassation as available and effective remedy — Ignorance or lack of counsel not a ground for non-exhaustion — Jurisdiction preserved despite withdrawal of Article 34(6) declaration for pending cases.
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5 February 2025 |
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Application dismissed as inadmissible for failure to exhaust available domestic remedies despite Court having jurisdiction.
Human rights jurisdiction — material, personal, temporal and territorial jurisdiction; Admissibility — requirement to exhaust local remedies; Availability and effectiveness of domestic remedies under Tunisian Code of Criminal Procedure (acting as injured party; bringing accused before court); Premature filing; Costs — each party to bear own costs.
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5 February 2025 |
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State violated multiple Charter rights of persons with albinism by failing to prevent, investigate and remedy attacks, discrimination and trafficking.
Human rights — Persons with albinism — Non-discrimination; right to life; prohibition of torture; dignity; children’s rights (anti‑trafficking, best interests, education); right to health; State due diligence; Article 1 obligations; reparations and systemic remedies.
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5 February 2025 |
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Mandatory death penalty violates right to life; hanging breaches dignity — Court orders annulment, new sentencing and repeal.
Human rights — Jurisdiction and admissibility — Exhaustion of local remedies and reasonable time — Death penalty — Mandatory sentencing violates right to life — Hanging violates inherent dignity — Remedies: annulment of mandatory sentence, new sentencing hearing, repeal of mandatory death penalty and method of execution, moral damages, publication and reporting.
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5 February 2025 |
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Application declared inadmissible for failure to exhaust domestic remedies; judgment rendered by default after respondent's non‑participation.
Procedure — Default judgment under Rule 63(1) — Respondent's failure to file Response; Jurisdiction — Article 3 of Protocol; Article 34(6) declaration withdrawal non-retroactive; Admissibility — Exhaustion of local remedies required; first-instance in limine litis dismissal appealable under national law (Article 162(2) Ivorian Code of Procedure); Application declared inadmissible for failure to exhaust remedies; costs — each party bears own costs.
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5 February 2025 |
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Application dismissed as inadmissible for failure to exhaust local remedies; Court affirmed jurisdiction over human-rights aspects.
Human rights jurisdiction over contractual disputes; Court may review compliance of national judicial proceedings with Charter standards (not an appellate court); exhaustion of local remedies; undue prolongation; availability of Constitutional Court remedy; inadmissibility for failure to exhaust remedies.
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5 February 2025 |
| November 2024 |
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Court exercised discretion to reopen pleadings and granted the respondent an extension under Rules 46(3) and 90.
Procedure — Reopening pleadings; Extension of time — Rule 46(3) Rules of Court; Inherent powers — Rule 90; Withdrawal of Article 34(6) Declaration — effect on pending cases.
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29 November 2024 |
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The Court dismissed a request to suspend dismissals of two judges, finding no demonstrated extreme gravity, urgency or irreparable harm.
Provisional measures – Article 27(2) Protocol – threshold of extreme gravity, urgency and irreparable harm – prima facie jurisdiction – pending domestic remedies – suspension of administrative and presidential acts.
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20 November 2024 |
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Fair‑trial claim dismissed; mandatory death sentence and hanging found to violate rights to life and dignity.
Criminal procedure – fair trial – contradictions in prosecution testimony – Court of Appeal’s deference to trial court on evidence; Human rights – mandatory death penalty violates Article 4 (right to life); Execution by hanging violates Article 5 (dignity); Default of State – decision in default; Remedies – repeal mandatory death penalty, vacatur and resentencing, remove hanging, publication and reporting.
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13 November 2024 |
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Applicant's fair-trial complaints dismissed; Court finds no violations and renders judgment in default.
Human rights — Fair trial — Alleged breaches: right to be heard; conviction on unreliable evidence; right to challenge prosecution evidence; presumption of innocence; notification of charges; reasoned judgment — Default judgment where State fails to respond — Jurisdiction and admissibility under Article 56 of the African Charter.
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13 November 2024 |
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Application alleging infringement of electoral participation rights dismissed for failure to exhaust domestic remedies.
Human rights — Electoral rights — Right to political participation — Amendments to Electoral Code; Admissibility — Exhaustion of local remedies; Procedural requirements for constitutional review; Jurisdiction of African Court; Default of State; Suo motu judgment in default.
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13 November 2024 |
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Whether reserving a child's surname to the father violates gender-equality obligations; rendered moot by a 2021 legislative amendment.
Human rights — Equality between men and women — Surname rights of a child — Whether vesting surname choice solely in the father breaches Charter, Maputo Protocol, ICCPR and CEDAW; Jurisdiction of African Court to assess compliance of domestic courts with international human rights law; Admissibility — exhaustion of local remedies and timeliness; Mootness — legislative amendment resolving the complaint; Reparations and costs where claim is moot.
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13 November 2024 |
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Default judgment: mandatory death penalty and hanging violate rights to life and dignity; remedial repeal and resentencing ordered.
Human rights — Criminal procedure — Doctrine of recent possession and circumstantial evidence — Fair trial (Article 7) — Mandatory death penalty — Right to life (Article 4) — Execution by hanging — Right to dignity and prohibition of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment (Article 5) — Reparations and legislative reform.
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13 November 2024 |
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Mandatory imposition of death sentence and hanging breach the Charter; Court orders vacatur of mandatory sentence, re-sentencing and law reform.
Human rights — Criminal procedure — Jurisdiction of African Court to examine conformity of domestic criminal proceedings with Charter standards and, where appropriate, order quashing of mandatory death sentences — Mandatory death penalty violates right to life — Hanging as execution method violates human dignity — Evidential review limited to manifest irregularity — Reparations and legislative remediation ordered.
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13 November 2024 |
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Application alleging fair-trial violations declared inadmissible for failure to exhaust available cassation remedies; Court upheld its jurisdiction.
African Court jurisdiction; admissibility; exhaustion of local remedies; cassation appeal; fair-trial allegations; lack of counsel/ignorance not an excuse; application inadmissible; costs each party bears own costs.
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13 November 2024 |
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Court finds no violation of the applicant’s fair‑trial, equal‑protection or dignity rights; application dismissed.
Human rights — Fair trial — Right to have one’s cause heard (Article 7(1)) — Evaluation of evidence and corroboration; Jurisdiction — Court not an appellate body but may order remedial measures including release; Admissibility — exhaustion of local remedies and timeliness; Burden of proof — allegations of ill‑treatment/torture and equal protection must be substantiated.
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13 November 2024 |
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Whether the mandatory death penalty and hanging violate the applicant’s rights to life and dignity, and related admissibility and fair-trial issues.
Criminal law—mandatory death penalty—right to life (Article 4)—method of execution (hanging) and right to dignity (Article 5)—admissibility: exhaustion of local remedies—reasonable time—admission of confession and fair trial (Article 7)—State obligations under Article 1—reparations and measures for non-repetition.
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13 November 2024 |
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Court finds no violation of people's self-determination but finds breaches of judicial and legislative independence, ordering institutional remedies.
Constitutional process – Right to self-determination – Constituent Assembly adoption of constitution; Judicial independence – dissolution/replacement of oversight bodies, executive control over judges’ careers; Separation of powers – suspension/dissolution of legislature and assumption of decree-based legislative power; Remedies – orders to operationalise Constitutional Court and reinstate High Judicial Council.
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13 November 2024 |
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Court grants respondent 90 days to file implementation report, reserves costs, and adjourns hearing sine die.
Procedure — Compliance hearing — Adjournment under Rule 54(6) and inherent powers under Rule 90 — 90-day deadline for implementation report — Allegations of continuing eviction to be determined at scheduled hearing — Costs reserved.
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12 November 2024 |
| October 2024 |
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Court orders provisional suspension of detention where torture allegations and medical evidence show urgent risk of irreparable harm.
Provisional measures – Article 27(2) Protocol – Prima facie jurisdiction – Urgency and extreme gravity – Irreparable harm – Suspension of detention to permit specialised medical treatment – Allegations of torture corroborated by medical certificates.
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29 October 2024 |
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Court reopened proceedings and deemed the State’s late Response filed in a death-penalty fair-trial application, allowing a 30-day Reply.
Human rights—Right to fair trial and equality—Allegation of judicial bias in criminal proceedings resulting in death sentence; Civil procedure—Reopening pleadings—Court’s discretion under Rule 46(3) and inherent power (Rule 90); Acceptance of late pleadings (Rule 45(1)); Provisional measures—stay of execution.
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28 October 2024 |
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Court dismissed applicants' eviction claims for lack of personal jurisdiction because the State failed to deposit the Article 34(6) Declaration.
Human rights — Jurisdiction — Article 34(6) Declaration — Individual access to African Court — Preliminary examination under Rule 49(1) — Ogiek eviction claims — New application vs. previously decided case.
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16 October 2024 |
| September 2024 |
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Application dismissed as inadmissible for failure to exhaust domestic remedies; Court affirms jurisdiction and denies provisional release.
Jurisdiction – sovereignty vs. treaty obligations; Admissibility – exhaustion of local remedies and pending cassation; Pre‑trial detention and procedural safeguards; Provisional measures – criteria and pending domestic remedies; Costs – each party bears its own costs.
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3 September 2024 |
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Court finds multiple fair‑trial and torture violations, rules mandatory death penalty and hanging unlawful, orders vacatur, remedy and legislative reform.
Human rights — Fair trial: consular access; interpretation; trial within reasonable time — Torture and ill‑treatment: police brutality; duty to investigate — Death penalty: mandatory sentencing arbitrary; hanging breaches dignity — Death‑row phenomenon and prison conditions — Remedies: moral damages, vacatur, legislative reform, rehearing, reporting.
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3 September 2024 |
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Application declared inadmissible for failure to exhaust a pending cassation appeal; Court affirmed jurisdiction but did not reach the merits.
Admissibility — Exhaustion of local remedies — Pending cassation appeal in Burkina Faso — Remedy available, effective and satisfactory — Application inadmissible for non-exhaustion.
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3 September 2024 |
